mahdi salari; Shahrokh Nazmara; Kazem Naddafi; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
Abstract
Background & Objective:Formaldehyde is one of the most important aldehydes in ambient air which originates from vehicles and photochemical processes. Because of the importance of this pollutant in public health, in this study, we addressed the concentration level in coupled with daily and cross sectional ...
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Background & Objective:Formaldehyde is one of the most important aldehydes in ambient air which originates from vehicles and photochemical processes. Because of the importance of this pollutant in public health, in this study, we addressed the concentration level in coupled with daily and cross sectional variation of formaldehyde in the high traffic area of Enghelab Square in Tehran city and also the effect of meteorological parameters on variation of formaldehyde concentration were determined. Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study was done in Enghelab Square placed in the district 6 of Tehran in December, January and February (period 1) and April, May and June (period 2) in 2014-2015. To measure the concentration of formaldehyde, the chromotropic acid method was used and samples were analyzed by Perkin Elmer LAMBDA spectrophotometer model of 25 UV/Vis at wavelength 580nm. Data analysing performed by SPSS (T-test and coefficient correlation) and excel ( graphical drawing). Results:The formaldehyde concentration on Fridays in comparison with other days during the week have a significant difference (Independent T-test, p<0.05). The average concentration of formaldehyde in the period 2 of sampling was higher than that in the period 1 by 6.5 ppb (Paired T-test p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between temperature and humidity parameters and formaldehyde’s concentration with correlation coefficients of 0.457 and 0.338 respectively, and also pressure parameter with correlation coefficient of 0.1 showed no significant correlation between formaldehyde concentration variations. Furthermore, formaldehyde concentrations were increased under inversion conditions. Conclusion:Formaldehyde concentration on Fridays in comparison with other days had lower level that can be resulted from low traffic volume on Fridays. Moreover, increasing formaldehyde concentration in the period 2 (April, May and June months) in comparison to period 1 (December, January and February months) is the result of intensifying photochemical processes in the warm months. Also the effect of temperature, humidity and inversion condition on increasing the concentration of formaldehyde show the importance of meteorological conditions in formaldehyde concentration variations.
Najmeh Bayat; Mahmood Alimohammadi; Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Kamyar Yaghmaeian; Masoud Binesh Berahmand; Mahmood Shams
Abstract
Background & objective: Parallel to the growth of Population and increasing healthcare needs ,the production of medical wastes is constantly increasing . Owing to the poor healthcare waste management ,this study surveys the state of waste management in Shariati Hospital of Tehran ...
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Background & objective: Parallel to the growth of Population and increasing healthcare needs ,the production of medical wastes is constantly increasing . Owing to the poor healthcare waste management ,this study surveys the state of waste management in Shariati Hospital of Tehran using IRAT in 2015 as part of WHO's strategy. Matrial&Methods:This descriptive study recorded 70 questions asked from environmental health and waste authorities after inspection the implementation waste management law using the IRAT tool . The waste products for sectors were weighed for one month. Results:The average weighing was 1911.68 kg waste production, which included 1.910.314 of infectious waste rate, 2.110.254 of domestic, 0.10.027 of Chemical/Pharmaceutical and 0.080.032 kg/b/d of sharp particles. According to the results, 18% of the bags and safety boxes with the capacity of more than 3/4 were collected with only 34 parts (72%) regular label waste bags. In addition, the hospital manager did not anticipate a specific budget to cover the costs of waste management. Conclusion:According to the IRAT analysis, the final score for the hospital was poor i.e. 50.71% which included 75.9% for separation, 78.9% for collection, 77.8% for transmission and storage and 81.7% for the treatment and disposal. The infectious waste rate ,that is 47.27%, seems more than that recommended by WHO. So it is necessary to have more educational programs in the field of waste separation for reducing the source of infections and hazardous wastes. Legal measures should be done to make the authorities of health centers implement the waste management rules.
Mohsen Mehdipoor; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Simin Nasseri; Kazem Nadafi; Amir Hossein Mahvi
Abstract
Background and objective: One of the industries producing environmental pollutant is the rubber industry, which has a lot of in environmental dangers. This study was conducted in the purpose of investigation on Ozone and coagulant material’s (Aluminum sulfate –Ferric chloride) efficiency ...
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Background and objective: One of the industries producing environmental pollutant is the rubber industry, which has a lot of in environmental dangers. This study was conducted in the purpose of investigation on Ozone and coagulant material’s (Aluminum sulfate –Ferric chloride) efficiency in waste water treatmentof Rubber Industry. Materials and Method: In this work Rubber industries with the industrial waste volume over 2500 m3 per mount was studied. In order to qualitative evaluation of wastewater in this industry, the reduction of turbidity and the amount of COD were considered as the qualitative criteria. Results: In this study, the reduction rate of COD by chemical treatment with Ferric chloride after ozonation was 34 percent and the wastewater of chemical treatment with aluminum sulfate after ozonation shown 48 percent, the reduction of COD. Conclusion: One of the scientific and practical approaches for the treatment of wastewater in these industries is the use of complex process like chemical coagulation and ozonation along with possible biological processes. Paper type: Research article